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Molybdenum and Stainless Steels

Tthere are many  elements that tend to make the structure austenitic.  These elements are called austenite formers.  Alloying elements that tend to make the structure ferritic are called ferrite formers.

Molybdenum is a ferrite former.  That means that when molybdenum is added to improve the corrosion resistance of an austenitic stainless steel, there has to be an austenite former such as nickel or nitrogen added in order to keep the structure austenitic.

Duplex stainless steels have a mixture of austenitic and ferritic grains in their microstructure; hence they have a “duplex” structure.  This effect is achieved by adding less nickel than would be necessary for making a fully austenitic stainless steel.  

Molybdenum is mainly used for added corrosion resistance in austenitic and duplex stainless steels.  In austenitic stainless steels between two and seven percent are added, in duplex stainless steels, between three and five percent.  The addition of one or two percent molybdenum to ferritic stainless steels also significantly increases the corrosion resistance and the elevated temperature strength of these stainless steels.

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