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Molybdenum In the Soil

Molybdenum largely occurs in the soil as an oxycomplex . Because of this, molybdenum more resembles phosphate or sulfate in its behavior in the soil. In a similar way to these two anions, molybdate is adsorbed by soil minerals and colloids.

The content of molybdenum in most agricultural soils is usually between 0.6 and 3.5 ppm with an average molybdenum content of 2.0 ppm and an average available molybdenum content of 0.2 ppm.

This adsorption is closely dependent on soil pH. At neutrality it is very low but increases as the pH falls. Molybdenum availability to plants is thus poorest on acid soils and is improved by liming, provided the soil is not inherently deficient in molybdenum.
 
Plants absorb molybdenum as molybdate. The form in which molybdenum is translocated is unknown. Molybdenum is located primarily in the phloem and vascular parenchyma and is only moderately mobile in the plant. The requirement of molybdenum in terms of dry matter is usually in the range from 0.1–1.0 ppm.

Most plants are very tolerant of excessive amounts of molybdenum in the tissue with levels above 1000 ppm existing without any harmful effects. A unique feature of molybdenum nutrition is the wide variation between the critical deficiency and toxicity levels. These levels may differ by a factor of up to 104 (e.g., 0.1 to 1000 ppm dry weight).

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