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Accumulation, Storage and Distribution of Molybdenum in Animals

In experimental animals given lethal or near lethal doses, however administered, of molybdenum trioxide, calcium molybdate or ammonium heptamolybdate the rate of excretion of molybdenum was less than the rate of absorption .The amount accumulating in the tissues increased with increasing size and number of doses. After administration of molybdenum had ceased the molybdenum content of the tissues dropped quite rapidly. For example, in guinea pigs exposed to molybdenum trioxide for eight days total molybdenum had dropped to the control value four days after the dose had ceased.  The percentage drop for bone was least so it appears that there is some preferential storage of molybdenum in bone. In general absorption and excretion of molybdenum are rapid and a high proportion (ca 95%) of molybdenum added to the diet is excreted and rather little molybdenum is stored in the tissues. Additional studies involving rats gave the following breakdown of absorbing organs; 3.6% stomach, 9.5% duodenum and 8.2 % in the ileum. However, as stated, many other groups have found that the process of absorption and retention is dependent on dose, mode of administration and the age of the experimental animal.

In lactating goats,99MoO3 , administered orally was found in skeleton, liver, skin, muscles, blood, kidney, ovary and hair 4 days later. Molybdenum was also detected in the milk of goats fed molybdenum trioxide .

The concentration of molybdenum in cows' milk increased after daily feeding of 500 mg ammonium molybdate.

Fischer rats given subcutaneous injections of N-methyl-N-benzylnitrosamine and fed dietary sodium molybdate (2 ppm) had increased molybdenum concentrations in the esophagus, forestomach, blood serum, and liver. Xanthine oxidase activities were also increased in the esophagus and forestomach, but not in the liver . Radioactivity was detected in the liver, bone, heart, lungs, blood, and kidneys 2.5 hours after rats were fed a single dose (13.34 mg) of99Mo. The concentrations of radioactivity were higher in the intestine, kidney, and bone than in other .tissues 51 hours after dosing. It was estimated that 35% of the administered dose was absorbed.

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