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Molybdenum is an essential constituent of two enzymes found in humans: xanthine oxidase, which is involved in uric acid formation, and aldehyde oxidase, which catalyzes the chemical oxidation of aldehydes.

Molybdenum is concentrated primarily in the liver, kidney, bone, and skin. There is estimated to be approximately nine milligrams of molybdenum in the adult human body.

Molybdenum is an antagonist to copper absorption, as is copper to molybdenum absorption. Excess molybdenum intake can induce copper deficiencies with the subsequent symptoms.

Molybdenum is an important constituent of aldehyde oxidase and xanthine oxidase. Aldehyde oxidase catalyzes the oxidation of an aldehyde functional group to the corresponding carboxylic acid. Xanthine oxidase catalyzes the oxidation of xanthine to uric acid for excretion. Xanthine is a product formed in the chemical degradation of purine nucleotides found in DNA and RNA.

Molybdenum, in the presence of inorganic sulfate, tends to reduce copper absorption and retention. Several theories for why this antagonistic relationship occurs have been postulated. There is evidence that copper and molybdenum form an insoluble complex called lingrenite, which cannot be absorbed easily. Other theories include the postulated interference of ceruplasm synthesis: ceruplasm is a protein necessary for copper transport into blood.

Molybdenum absorption occurs readily in gastrointestinal tract, and excretion occurs primarily via the urine.

 

 

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