The Chemistry of Molybdenum
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- Category: Molybdenum knowledge
- Published on 20 August 2013
- Written by 陈桂兰
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The chemistry of molybdenum is extraordinarily versatile: oxidation states from (-II) to (VI), coordination numbers from 4 to 8 and, accordingly a very varied stereochemistry; the ability to form compounds with most inorganic and organic ligands and bi- and polynuclear compounds containing molybdenum-molybdenum bonds and bridging ligands. It is this versatility which makes the chemistry of molybdenum challenging and exciting and the actual and potential applications of its compounds many and varied. Molybdenum is the first of the transition metals to have an extensive sulfur chemistry shown, for example, having as its principal ore molybdenum disulfide, MoS2, its binding by sulfur ligands in molybdenum containing enzymes, application of MoS2 as an important industrial catalyst, and formation of many sulfur complexes some of which are used as soluble lubricating oil additives.
Molybdenum has an extensive organometallic chemistry in its lower oxidation states. These compounds contain molybdenum-carbon bonds. A well known example is molybdenum hexacarbonyl, Mo(CO)6. These compounds are difficult to prepare and may decompose on exposure to air. They have specialised small volume uses as for example catalysts in fine chemicals synthesis.
Molybdenum-based technical chemicals exploit the versatility of molybdenum chemistry in oxidation states. (VI), (V) and (IV). Materials made from molybdates are oxidation catalysts, are photoactive, and semiconducting. Many of the properties of molybdenum provide development opportunities and new commercial applications through the exploitation of its chemistry.
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