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Brief Introduction to Molybdenum Chemistry, 2013 - I

Molybdenum is a transition metal in Group 6 of the Periodic Table between chromium and tungsten. Although molybdenum is sometimes described as a ‘heavy metal’ its properties are very different from those of the typical heavy metals, mercury, thallium and lead. It is much less toxic than these and other heavy metals. Its low toxicity makes molybdenum an attractive substitute for more toxic materials.

Compounds of molybdenum which are commonly encountered have molybdenum in its highest oxidation state, VI, for example molybdenum trioxide, MoO3, sodium molybdate, Na2MoO4.2H2O, and ammonium di- and heptamolybdate, (NH4)2Mo2O7 and (NH4)6Mo7O24.4H2O. In aqueous solution molybdenum(VI) is present as the simple molybdate, [MoO4] 2- ion which is like sulfate or, depending on the concentration and pH as a polymeric polymolybdate ion. The lower oxidation state, IV, is found in the commonest ore of molybdenum the disulfide, MoS2. Molybdenum(IV) also forms an oxide, MoO2. The redox chemistry of molybdenum-oxygen compounds, as in selective oxidation catalysts and molybdenum oxidase enzymes, has molybdenum cycling between oxidation states (VI) and (IV).

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